HYBRID WARFARE IN THE 21ST CENTURY: HISTORICAL CONTINUITY AND CONTEMPORARY THREATS

Abstract

The concept of hybrid warfare has become a key term in both academic discourse and global political discussions over the past two decades. Although widely associated with recent conflicts, hybrid warfare has clear historical roots that reflect an enduring pattern of combining conventional, irregular, informational, and cyber tactics to achieve military and political goals. In the context of 21st-century global security challenges, hybrid warfare represents not only a method of aggression but a comprehensive strategy aimed at destabilizing societies, manipulating public opinion, and undermining state sovereignty.